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仮定法の問題一覧 全32問(解答・解説つき)【無料】

仮定法は、事実に反することや起こりそうにないことを「もし〜なら」と想像して述べる表現です。このページには仮定法の問題を全32問、やさしい順に並べて掲載しています。各問の「解答と解説」を開くと、正解と一言解説が読めます。印刷して使いたいときは無料のプリント(PDF)、通しで練習したいときはゲームもあります。

受験標準レベル(10問)

問 1

If I     you, I would accept the offer.

  1. ① were
  2. ② am
  3. ③ was
  4. ④ be
解答と解説
正解 ① were

現在の事実に反する仮定なので仮定法過去です。be動詞は主語が I でも were を使うのが原則で、were が正解です。was も口語では見られますが、入試では were が求められます。

問 2

If we had a car, we     there much faster.

  1. ① will get
  2. ② would get
  3. ③ got
  4. ④ would got
解答と解説
正解 ② would get

現在の事実に反する仮定法過去。主節は would + 動詞の原形で would get。

問 3

If I had known, I     you immediately.

  1. ① would tell
  2. ② told
  3. ③ would have told
  4. ④ will tell
解答と解説
正解 ③ would have told

If節が had known なので仮定法過去完了。主節は would have + 過去分詞の would have told。

問 4

If she had left earlier, she     the train.

  1. ① caught
  2. ② would catch
  3. ③ will catch
  4. ④ would have caught
解答と解説
正解 ④ would have caught

If節が had left(過去完了)なので、過去の事実に反する仮定法過去完了です。主節は would have + 過去分詞の形になり、would have caught が正解です。would catch では現在の仮定になってしまいます。

問 5

I wish I     taller; basketball would be easier.

  1. ① were
  2. ② am
  3. ③ will be
  4. ④ had been
解答と解説
正解 ① were

I wish に続く現在の事実に反する願望なので仮定法過去。be動詞は were。

問 6

I wish I     harder when I was young.

  1. ① studied
  2. ② had studied
  3. ③ study
  4. ④ would study
解答と解説
正解 ② had studied

若いころという過去への後悔を wish で表すので仮定法過去完了の had studied。

問 7

He talks as if he     everything, but really he knows nothing.

  1. ① knows
  2. ② know
  3. ③ knew
  4. ④ has known
解答と解説
正解 ③ knew

as if の後で「実際はそうでないのに、まるで〜のように」と述べるので仮定法過去を使います。現在の事実に反するため、過去形の knew が正解です。knows では事実を述べる形になってしまいます。

問 8

She looked as if she     a ghost.

  1. ① sees
  2. ② saw
  3. ③ has seen
  4. ④ had seen
解答と解説
正解 ④ had seen

look as if の後で過去のさらに前の出来事を想定するので仮定法過去完了の had seen。

問 9

It's time you     to bed; it's very late.

  1. ① went
  2. ② go
  3. ③ will go
  4. ④ have gone
解答と解説
正解 ① went

It's time + 主語 + 過去形の慣用表現で、まだ寝ていない状況への促しなので went。

問 10

It's high time we     this problem.

  1. ① solve
  2. ② solved
  3. ③ will solve
  4. ④ have solved
解答と解説
正解 ② solved

It's high time + 主語 + 過去形で「もう〜してもよいころだ」という仮定法の慣用表現です。まだ実行していないことへの願望を表すため、過去形の solved が正解になります。

難関大レベル(22問)

問 11

If he     a little more careful, he wouldn't fail.

  1. ① is
  2. ② was
  3. ③ were
  4. ④ would be
解答と解説
正解 ③ were

現在の事実に反する仮定法過去で、be動詞は主語に関わらず were。

問 12

I would help you if I     the time, but I don't.

  1. ① have
  2. ② will have
  3. ③ would have
  4. ④ had
解答と解説
正解 ④ had

but I don't が示すとおり現在の事実に反する仮定法過去なので had。

問 13

Had I     the danger, I would have stopped.

  1. ① known
  2. ② know
  3. ③ knew
  4. ④ to know
解答と解説
正解 ① known

Had I known は If I had known の If を省略して倒置した形で、仮定法過去完了です。倒置でも動詞は過去分詞のままなので、known が正解です。knew や know は形が合いません。

問 14

If they     harder, they might have won.

  1. ① tried
  2. ② had tried
  3. ③ would try
  4. ④ have tried
解答と解説
正解 ② had tried

might have won から過去の事実に反する仮定法過去完了とわかるので had tried。

問 15

If you had slept well, you     tired now.

  1. ① weren't
  2. ② won't be
  3. ③ wouldn't be
  4. ④ wouldn't have been
解答と解説
正解 ③ wouldn't be

条件は過去(slept well)だが結果は now の状態なので、主節だけ仮定法過去の wouldn't be。

問 16

If I were rich, I     that house last year.

  1. ① would buy
  2. ② bought
  3. ③ will buy
  4. ④ would have bought
解答と解説
正解 ④ would have bought

if 節は今の状態を表す仮定法過去、帰結節は last year と過去のことなので would have 過去分詞にします。

問 17

If the sun     to rise in the west, I'd believe you.

  1. ① were
  2. ② is
  3. ③ was
  4. ④ will
解答と解説
正解 ① were

were to do は「仮に〜するとしたら」と、実現性の低い未来を想定する仮定法の型です。西から日が昇るというありえない事態なので、were が正解になります。

問 18

If you     change your mind, please call me.

  1. ① would
  2. ② should
  3. ③ were
  4. ④ will
解答と解説
正解 ② should

should を使い「万一〜するなら」という起こりにくい未来の条件を表すので should。

問 19

She wishes she     the meeting yesterday.

  1. ① didn't miss
  2. ② doesn't miss
  3. ③ hadn't missed
  4. ④ won't miss
解答と解説
正解 ③ hadn't missed

yesterday の出来事への後悔を wish で表すので仮定法過去完了の hadn't missed。

問 20

I wish it     raining so we could go out.

  1. ① stops
  2. ② stopped
  3. ③ will stop
  4. ④ would stop
解答と解説
正解 ④ would stop

I wish の後で、今後こうなってほしいという願望を表す形です。まだ止んでいない雨に対する望みなので、would stop が正解です。stops や will stop は wish に続く仮定法の形になりません。

問 21

If only I     harder when I was young!

  1. ① studied
  2. ② study
  3. ③ had studied
  4. ④ would study
解答と解説
正解 ③ had studied

If only は wish と同じく強い願望を表し、過去への後悔なので had studied。

問 22

I would rather you     here with me tonight.

  1. ① stay
  2. ② will stay
  3. ③ to stay
  4. ④ stayed
解答と解説
正解 ④ stayed

would rather + 主語 + 過去形で相手への願望を表す仮定法なので stayed。

問 23

He acts as though he     the boss here.

  1. ① were
  2. ② is
  3. ③ was
  4. ④ has been
解答と解説
正解 ① were

as though は as if と同じく「まるで〜であるかのように」を表し、現在の事実に反する内容は仮定法過去で述べます。be動詞は were を用いるのが原則で、were が正解です。

問 24

They spoke as if nothing     happened.

  1. ① has
  2. ② had
  3. ③ have
  4. ④ was
解答と解説
正解 ② had

as if の後で過去のさらに前の出来事を想定するので仮定法過去完了の had。

問 25

It's about time the government     something.

  1. ① does
  2. ② do
  3. ③ did
  4. ④ will do
解答と解説
正解 ③ did

It's about time + 主語 + 過去形の慣用表現なので did。

問 26

It's time you     more responsibility for it.

  1. ① take
  2. ② will take
  3. ③ have taken
  4. ④ took
解答と解説
正解 ④ took

It's time + 主語 + 過去形で「もう〜してよいころだ」という仮定法の慣用表現です。まだ責任を負っていない状況への促しなので、過去形の took が正解になります。

問 27

If it     not for water, nothing could live.

  1. ① were
  2. ② had been
  3. ③ is
  4. ④ was
解答と解説
正解 ① were

If it were not for 〜で「もし〜がなければ」を表す仮定法過去なので were。

問 28

    for your advice, I would have failed.

  1. ① Despite
  2. ② But
  3. ③ Without doubt
  4. ④ Apart
解答と解説
正解 ② But

But for 〜で「もし〜がなければ」を表し、would have failed と呼応するので But。

問 29

    I rich, I would travel all over the world.

  1. ① If
  2. ② Was
  3. ③ Were
  4. ④ Had
解答と解説
正解 ③ Were

If I were rich の If を省略して倒置した形です。倒置では were を文頭に出すので、Were が正解になります。If は倒置と併用できず、Was も仮定法の倒置には使いません。

問 30

    he asked me, I would have helped him.

  1. ① If
  2. ② Would
  3. ③ Did
  4. ④ Had
解答と解説
正解 ④ Had

If he had asked me の If を省略して倒置した形なので Had。

問 31

    him, you would like him a lot.

  1. ① Knowing not
  2. ② To know
  3. ③ Known
  4. ④ Know
解答と解説
正解 ② To know

不定詞句 To know him が「もし彼を知れば」という条件を表すので To know。

問 32

A wise man     not do such a foolish thing, even if tempted.

  1. ① would
  2. ② will
  3. ③ does
  4. ④ is
解答と解説
正解 ① would

仮定法の would で「賢い人ならそんな愚かなことはしないだろう」という控えめな推量を表します。

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